[2023 3월 고3 모의고사 영어]- 문장 순서 배열

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서를 알맞게 배열하시오.

 

18번

Morganic Corporation, located in the heart of Arkansas, spent the past decade providing great organic crops at a competitive price, growing into the ninth leading organic farming operation in the country.

① I believe the time has come to cover Morganic’s rise in the organic farming industry.

② As a seasoned writer with access to Richard Taylor, the founder and president of Morganic, I propose writing a profile         piece on Taylor for your magazine.

③ The piece would run in the normal 800 - 1,200 word range with photographs available of Taylor and Morganic’s

     operation.

④ Thank you for your consideration of this article. I hope to hear from you soon.

 

19번

Mark was participating in freestyle swimming competitions in this Olympics. He had a firm belief that he could get a medal in the 200m.

① That day, Mark was competing in his very last race — the final round of the 200m. He had done his training and was          ready.

② One minute and fifty seconds later, it was all over. He had tried hard and, at his best, was ranked number four. He fell       short of a bronze medal by 0.49 of a second.

③Swimming was dominated by Americans at the time, so Mark was dreaming of becoming a national hero for his                    country, Britain.

④ And that was the end of Mark’s swimming career.

⑤ He was heartbroken. He had nothing left.

 

20번

There is no denying that engaging in argument carries certain significant risks.

① In any of these situations, an adjustment in our belief is called for; we must change what we believe, or revise it, or             replace it, or suspend belief altogether.

② Or sometimes we discover that a belief that we had dismissed as silly or obviously false in fact enjoys the support of         highly compelling reasons. On other occasions, we discover that the reasons offered by those with whom we disagree       measure up toe-to-toe with our own reasons.

③ When we argue, we exchange and examine reasons with a view toward believing what our best reasons say we               should believe; sometimes we discover that our current reasons fall short, and that our beliefs are not well supported         after all.

 

21번

Thanks to the power of reputation, we help others without expecting an immediate return. If, thanks to endless chat and intrigue, the world knows that you are a good, charitable guy, then you boost your chance of being helped by someone else at some future date.

 

① By the same token, our behavior is endlessly shaped by the possibility that somebody else might be watching us or           might find out what we have done. We are often troubled by the thought of what others may think of our deeds.

② In this way, our actions have consequences that go far beyond any individual act of charity, or indeed any act of

     mean-spirited malice. We all behave differently when we know we live in the shadow of the future.

③The converse is also the case. I am less likely to get my back scratched, in the form of a favor, if it becomes known             that I never scratch anybody else’s.

④ Indirect reciprocity now means something like “If I scratch your back, my good example will encourage others

     to do the same and, with luck, someone will scratch mine.

⑤That shadow is cast by our actions because there is always the possibility that others will find out what we have done.

 

22번

When you experience affect without knowing the cause, you are more likely to treat affect as information about the world, rather than your experience of the world.

① This phenomenon is called affective realism, because we experience supposed facts about the world that are created       in part by our feelings.

② When you apply for a job or college or medical school, make sure you interview on a sunny day, because interviewers       tend to rate applicants more negatively when it is rainy.

③ And the next time a good friend snaps at you, remember affective realism.

④ The psychologist Gerald L. Clore has spent decades performing clever experiments to better understand how people         make decisions every day based on gut feelings.

⑤ For example, people report more happiness and life satisfaction on sunny days, but only when they are not explicitly         asked about the weather.

⑥ Maybe your friend is irritated with you, but perhaps she didn’t sleep well last night, or maybe it’s just lunchtime. The           change in her body budget, which she’s experiencing as affect, might not have anything to do with you.

 

23번

Whenever possible, we should take measures to re-socialize the information we think about.

① There are significant advantages to turning such interactions at a remove back into actual social encounters.

② We are inherently social creatures, and our thinking benefits from bringing other people into our train of thought.

③Likewise, many of the written forms we encounter at school and at work — from exams and evaluations,

     to profiles and case studies, to essays and proposals — are really social exchanges (questions, stories, arguments)         put on paper   and addressed to some imagined listener or interlocutor.

④ The continual patter we carry on in our heads is in fact a kind of internalized conversation.

⑤ Research demonstrates that the brain processes the “same” information differently, and often more effectively,

     when other human beings are involved — whether we’re imitating them, debating them, exchanging stories with them,       synchronizing and cooperating with them, teaching or being taught by them.

 

24번

Every day an enormous amount of energy is created by the movement of people and animals, and by interactions of people with their immediate surroundings.

① Current efforts have begun, aimed at collecting such energy in smaller devices which can store it, such as portable           batteries.

②The broad idea of energy harvesting is that there are many places at which small amounts of energy are generated —       and often wasted — and when collected, this can be put to some practical use.

③ This is usually in very small amounts or in very dispersed environments. Virtually all of that energy is lost to the local         environment, and historically there have been no efforts to gather it.

④ It may seem odd to consider finding ways to “collect” energy that is given off all around us — by people simply walking       or by walking upstairs and downstairs or by riding stationary/exercise bicycles, for example — but that is the general         idea and nature of energy harvesting.

 

29번

From the 8th to the 12th century CE, while Europe suffered the perhaps overdramatically named Dark Ages, science on planet Earth could be found almost exclusively in the Islamic world.

① Almost every word in the modern scientific lexicon that begins with the prefix “al” owes its origins to Islamic science —       algorithm, alchemy, alcohol, alkali, algebra.

②This science was not exactly like our science today, but it was surely antecedent to it and was nonetheless an activity         aimed at knowing about the world.

③ Muslim rulers granted scientific institutions tremendous resources, such as libraries, observatories, and hospitals.             Great schools in all the cities covering the Arabic Near East and Northern Africa (and even into Spain) trained                   generations of scholars.

④ And then, just over 400 years after it started, it ground to an apparent halt, and it would be a few hundred years,

      give or take, before what we would today unmistakably recognize as science appeared in Europe — with Galileo,              Kepler, and, a bit later, Newton.

 

30번

In centuries past, we might learn much about life from the wisdom of our elders. Today, the majority of the messages we receive about how to live a good life come not from Granny’s long experience of the world, but from advertising executives hoping to sell us products.

①We exist in a fog of messaging designed explicitly to influence our behavior. Not surprisingly, our behavior often shifts            in precisely the manner intended.

② The lack of any research whatsoever correlating tooth shade with life satisfaction is never mentioned. Having been              told one hundred times a day how to be happy, we spend much of our lives buying the necessary accoutrements              and feeling disappointed not to discover life satisfaction inside the packaging.

③ But if we are unsatisfied, and any of the products we buy actually delivers the promised lasting fulfillment, subsequent          sales figures may likewise drop.

④ If you can be made to feel sufficiently inferior due to your yellowed teeth, perhaps you will rush to the pharmacy to               purchase whitening strips.

⑤ If we are satisfied with our lives, we will not feel a burning desire to purchase anything, and then the economy may               collapse.

 

31번

The quest for knowledge in the material world is a never-ending pursuit, but the quest does not mean that a thoroughly schooled person is an educated person or that an educated person is a wise person.

① We are too often blinded by our ignorance of our ignorance, and our pursuit of knowledge is no guarantee of wisdom.

② Hence, we are prone to becoming the blind leading the blind because our overemphasis on competition in

        nearly everything makes looking good more important than being good. The resultant fear of being thought a fool              and criticized therefore is one of greatest enemies of true learning.

③ No one can teach another person anything. All one can do with and for someone else is to facilitate learning by                    helping the person to discover the wonder of their ignorance.

④ But, when we do not know we are ignorant, we do not know enough to even question, let alone investigate,

        our ignorance.

⑤ Although our ignorance is undeniably vast, it is from the vastness of this selfsame ignorance that our sense of wonder          grows.

 

32번

Lewis-Williams believes that the religious view of hunter groups was a contract between the hunter and the hunted. 'The powers of the underworld allowed people to kill animals, provided people responded in certain ritual ways, such as taking fragments of animals into the caves and inserting them into the "membrane".

① We make sound guesses that the pain and desire for life we feel — our worlds of experience — have a counterpart in       the animal we kill. As predators, this can create problems for us. One way to smooth those edges, then, is to view that       prey with respect.

② This is borne out in the San. Like other shamanistic societies, they have admiring practices between human hunters          and their prey, suffused with taboos derived from extensive natural knowledge,

③ It should be said that this disquiet needn't arise because there is something fundamentally wrong with a human killing        another animal, but simply because we are aware of doing the killing.

④  And perhaps, too, because in some sense we 'know' what we are killing.

⑤ These practices suggest that honouring may be one method of softening the disquiet of killing.

 

33번

The empiricist philosopher John Locke argued that when the human being was first born, the mind was simply a blank slate — a tabula rasa — waiting to be written on by experience.

① The influence of these ideas was profound, particularly for the new colonies in America, for example, because these           were conscious attempts to make a new start and to form a new society.

② Locke's emphasis on the importance of experience in forming the human being provided an optimistic framework for          those trying to form a different society.

③ Locke believed that our experience shapes who we are and who we become — and therefore he also believed that,          given different experiences, human beings would have different characters.

④ The new society was to operate on a different basis from that of European culture, which was based on the feudal              system in which people's place in society was almost entirely determined by birth, and which therefore tended to                emphasize innate characteristics.

 

34번

In A Theory of Adaptation, Linda Hutcheon argues that "An adaptation is not vampiric: it does not draw the life-blood from its source and leave it dying or dead, nor is it paler than the adapted work.

① Adaptations for young adults, in particular, have the added benefit of engaging the young adult reader with both then          and now, past and present — functioning as both "monuments" to history and the "flesh" of the reader's lived                    experience.

② While this is true for adaptations in general, it is especially important for those written with young adults in mind

③ Such adaptations allow young readers to make personal connections with texts that might otherwise come across as         old-fashioned or irrelevant.

④The idea of an "afterlife" of texts, of seeing what comes before as an inspiration for what comes now, is, by its very             definition, keeping works "alive.

⑤ Hutcheon's refusal to see adaptation as "vampiric" is particularly inspiring for those of us who do work on adaptations.

⑥ It may, on the contrary, keep that prior work alive, giving it an afterlife it would never have had otherwise. “

 

35번

According to the principle of social proof, one way individuals determine appropriate behavior for themselves in a situation is to examine the behavior of others there — especially similar others.

① Some evidence in this regard comes from a study showing that advertisements that promoted group benefits were             more persuasive in Korea (a collectivistic society) than in the United States (an individualistic society).

② Consequently, people tend to behave as their friends and peers have behaved.

③ It is through social comparison with these referent others that people validate the correctness of their opinions and              decisions.

④ Because the critical source of information within the principle of social proof is the responses of referent others,                 compliance tactics that employ this information should be especially effective in collectivistically oriented nations and         persons.

 

36번

Aristotle explains that the Good for human beings consists in eudaimoniā (a Greek word combining eu meaning “good” with daimon meaning “spirit,” and most often translated as “happiness”)

① It depends only on knowledge of human nature and other worldly and social realities. For him it is the study of human          nature and worldly existence that will disclose the relevant meaning of the notion of eudaimoniā.

② Aristotle’s theory will turn out to be “naturalistic” in that it does not depend on any theological or metaphysical                        knowledge. It does not depend on knowledge of God or of metaphysical and universal moral norms.

③ Whereas he had argued in a purely formal way that the Good was that to which we all aim, he now gives a more                  substantive answer: that this universal human goal is happiness.

④ However, he is quick to point out that this conclusion is still somewhat formal since different people have different                  views about what happiness is.

⑤ Some people say it is worldly enjoyment while others say it is eternal salvation.

 

37번

A large body of research in decision science has indicated that one attribute that is regularly substituted for an explicit assessment of decision costs and benefits is an affective valuation of the prospect at hand.

① One study demonstrated that people’s evaluation of a situation where they might receive a shock is insensitive

      to the probability of receiving the shock because their thinking is swamped by affective evaluation of the situation.

②  A problem sometimes arises, however, when affective valuation is not supplemented by any analytic processing and          adjustment at all.

③ For example, sole reliance on affective valuation can make people insensitive to probabilities and to quantitative                   features of the outcome that should effect decisions.

④ People were willing to pay almost as much to avoid a 1 percent probability of receiving a shock as they were to pay to         avoid a 99 percent probability of receiving a shock.

⑤ Clearly the affective reaction to the thought of receiving a shock was overwhelming the subjects’ ability to evaluate

        the probabilities associated.

⑥ This is often a very rational attribute to substitute — affect does convey useful signals as to the costs and benefits of            outcome.

 

38번

The linguistic resources we choose to use do not come to us as empty forms ready to be filled with our personal intentions; rather, they come to us with meanings already embedded within them.

① It is their conventionality that binds us to some degree to particular ways of realizing our collective history.

② However, while our resources come with histories of meanings, how they come to mean at a particular communicative         moment is always open to negotiation.

③ The linguistic resources we choose to use at particular communicative moments come to these moments with their              conventionalized histories of meaning.

④ These meanings, however, are not derived from some universal, logical set of principles; rather, as with their shapes,            they are built up over time from their past uses in particular contexts by particular groups of participants in the                    accomplishment of particular goals that, in turn, are shaped by myriad cultural, historical and institutional forces.

⑤ We create their typical — historical — contexts of use and at the same time we position ourselves in relation to these             contexts.

⑥ Thus, in our individual uses of our linguistic resources we accomplish two actions simultaneously.

 

39번

Going beyond very simple algorithms, some AI-based tools hold out the promise of supporting better causal and probabilistic reasoning in complex domains.

① Researchers have been exploring the use of Bayesian Networks — an AI technology that can be used to map out the       causal relationships between events, and to represent degrees of uncertainty around different areas — for decision           support, such as to enable more accurate risk assessment.

② In these cases, supporting human reasoning with more structured AI-based tools may be helpful.

③ These may be particularly useful for assessing the threat of novel or rare threats, where little historical data is                     available, such as the risk of terrorist attacks and new ecological disasters.

④ However, human reasoning is still notoriously prone to confusion and error when causal questions become sufficiently       complex, such as when it comes to assessing the impact of policy interventions across society.

⑤Humans have a natural ability to build causal models of the world — that is, to explain why things happen — that AI           systems still largely lack.

⑥ For example, while a doctor can explain to a patient why a treatment works, referring to the changes it causes in the         body, a modern machine-learning system could only tell you that patients who are given this treatment tend, on                 average, to get better.

 

40번

The rise of large, industrial cities has had social consequences that are often known as urbanism. The city dissolves the informal controls of the village or small town.

① Most urban residents are unknown to one another, and most social interactions in cities occur between people who            know each other only in specific roles, such as parking attendant, store clerk, or customer. Individuals became more          free to live as they wished, and in ways that break away from social norms.

② These include regulations that control private land use, building construction and maintenance (to minimize fire risk),          and the production of pollution and noise.

③ In response, and because the high density of city living requires the pliant coordination of many thousands of people,          urban societies have developed a wide range of methods to control urban behavior.

 

문장 흐름을 잘 이해하는 것은 주제문 찾기뿐만 아니라, 밑줄 친 부분의 의미 찾기, 문맥상 맞지 않는 낱말 찾기, 빈칸 완성하기, 흐름에 맞지 않는 문장 찾기, 글의 순서 정하기, 주어진 문장 넣기, 요약문 완성하기 등 거의 모든 유형의 문제를 푸는데 아주 중요하다. 평소에 몇 문장씩 단락 별로 문장을 정리하는 습관을 기르는 것이 좋다. 

 

예를 들어 

(A)

What we don't realize is that schools and colleges might be at fault for missing the opportunity to draw such street smarts and guide them toward good academic work. Nor do we consider one of the major reasons why schools and colleges overlook the intellectual potential of street smarts: the fact that we associate those street smarts with anti-intellectual concerns. 

(세상 물정에 밝은 이들을 학업으로 안내할 기회를 놓치고 있는지 모르고 그들을 반 지성적 걱정거리로 연관시킴) 

 

(B)

Everyone knows a young person who is impressively "street smart" but does poorly in school. We think it is a waste that one who is so intelligent about so many things in life seems unable to apply that intelligence to academic work. 

(세상물정엔 밝지만 학업은 부진한 젊은이, 세상의 지식을 학업에 적용하지 못함)

 

(C)

We associate the educated life, the life of the mind, too narrowly with subjects and texts that we consider inherently weighty and academic. 

( 지성이란 것을 학문적 교과에만 좁게 연관 시킴) 

 

이런 식으로 정리하면  도입: ~한 사람들이 있다.

                                    설명 : 그런 사람들을 ~하다고 생각한다.

                                    결론 : 결론적으로 ~ 하다. 

 

따라서 문장의 자연스런 흐름은 B → A→C 가 알맞다.